Vascular diseases are a fairly common phenomenon that can happen to all. Like many other diseases, varicose veins have their own stages, and if the initial manifestations of pathology are accompanied more frequently, the last stage is dangerous not only for health, but also for human life. To avoid the beginning of serious consequences such as, for example, disability and others, it is necessary to know the main characteristics of the manifestation of varicose veins, their development and ways of preventing their complications.
The concept of varicose veins
Varicose veins are a disease that affects the muscle and connective tissue of the vascular wall, as well as its valve device. As a result, the veins expand, blood circulation in this place, the reverse blood of the blood through the vessels.
Most people know about varicose veins on their feet. But there are other locations of the disease, since the vessels can be affected anywhere in the body.
Most of the time, in medical practice, the varicose veins of the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus), perineum (scrotum, straight, vagina) are diagnosed. However, in any case, the clinical image of the disease depends on the place of damage and the stage of pathology.
Varicose veins in men and their characteristics
At an early age (on average, at 10-12), a young man can find a disease such as varicose veins of the scrotum veins. In the scientific, this state is called "varicocele".It can be found during a simple examination and palpation of the scrotum. Clinically varicocele is manifested by a series of symptoms, which include:
- pain on the side or in the middle of the affected scrotum, intensifying after physical activity;
- Severity in the testicle;
- sterility.
However, often the varicocele may not be shown at all and be identified by accident during a planned exam.
This disease distinguishes three stages:
- Slight expansion of the veins, which can be seen when the patient performs the sample of Valsalva (tension);
- The veins are visible and palpated in a quiet state of the patient;
- The vessels change sharply, convincing, full of blood. The testicle in the area affected by the disease is reduced in size, has a consistency of test.
In adult patients, the varicose veins of a scrotum are often diagnosed when treating a doctor with complaints of the inability to have a child. There is a theory according to which varicocele affects fertility (the ability to reproduce offspring) by increasing temperature inside the scrotum, which negatively affects the testicle and spermatogenesis. In addition, this type of varicose veins in men is often combined with damage to the legs.
The diagnosis of the disease is simple. As mentioned above, you can suspect the varicose veins of the scrotum in a normal exam, and then an ultrasound study of the vascular beam must be done to confirm. As a method of treatment, only surgical intervention is used: the doctor simply lifts varicose veins, blood circulation is carried out according to anastomosis. However, it should be taken into account that, as with varicose veins, the operation does not guarantee complete healing. In addition, the disease in many cases is recurring.
Characteristics of varicose veins in women
Pelvic varicose veins.For women, this disease is a risk of inconvenience of the fetus. As mentioned above, varicose veins can occur anywhere in the body, even in the pelvic area. During pregnancy, the situation is aggravated, since, in the first place, the vessels of the abdominal cavity stretch as the fetus grows, and secondly, the uterus that increases in size exerts pressure on them. Due to these processes, the blood circulation of the placenta is disturbed, which can lead to rejection. In this case, of course, the probability of losing a child increases significantly.
Sometimes, varicose veins debut during pregnancy.Before conception, a woman could not suspect that she had a tendency to the disease. However, during the period of supporting the fetus, the female body is subject to certain changes in the body that can cause some diseases, including varicose veins. Such changes include:
- Changing the hormonal background;
- increase in body weight;
- Anatomical changes
In addition, the number of births is directly proportional to the risk of gaining a subsequent pathology. In addition to the pelvic varicose veins, during pregnancy, other complications can occur:
- rupture of uterine veins during childbirth;
- thrombophlebitis;
- dermatitis, trophic ulcers;
- venous deficiency.
Therefore, pregnancy is a factor that, unfortunately, can cause varicose veins, since it contributes to a faster development of pathology and requires preventive measures with a certain diagnosis.
Other consequences of varicose veins
Thrombophlebitis.Often, varicose veins and venous deficiency lead to inflammation of the walls of blood vessels, phlebitis, which can be combined with the formation of blood clots: thrombophlebitis. Basically, this disease affects the vessels of the lower extremities, as a result of which patients complain of severe pain in the affected areas of the legs. Symptoms of a general inflammatory reaction are observed: high temperature, weakness. If the treatment does not start in time, the process applies to other veins, the patient's condition worsens.
Thromboembolism.In the presence of thrombophlebitis and varicose veins, there is a risk of severe complication: thromboembolism. It occurs due to the separation of the blood clot from the vessel wall, followed by the blocking of the most important trunks that feed the heart, light and brain.
Initially, a blood clot can be, for example, in the leg (this is the most common). However, from the lower limb, it is forced to move through blood flow to various parts of the body. As a result, falling into smaller branches in the vascular system, the blood clot causes a collapse, as a result of which the blood circulation of the site is disturbed with the appearance of ischemia and then necrosis. Clinically, this is manifested by a heart attack, a stroke or a pulmonary fat and fat (thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery), which often ends death.
The treatment of patients who are made of such diagnosis should be carried out only in intensive care and intensive care units. The measures to provide patient assistance in this case should be taken immediately, only in this case the patient has a possibility of salvation.
Dermatitis.Very often, this unpleasant complication occurs on the internal surface of the lower leg, it manifests itself as a series of symptoms, which include:
- SKIN OF THE SKIN;
- epidermal pigmentation;
- itching of the affected area;
- the appearance of bubbles that tend to "open", which leads to skin stratification;
- Violation of the sensitivity of the affected area.
Dermatitis does not cure well, it can hardly be treated. The presence of a thrombus implies the appearance of trophic ulcers: skin death sections. In the future, an infection can join ulcers from which purulent wounds may appear.
TELENGIOECTASIA.This cosmetic defect, which seems vascular "stars", is a consequence of the ruptures of small superficial capillaries and a sign of the initial stage of varicose veins.
Hemorrhoids.This is a very common disease, nothing more than the varicose veins of the rectum. It is manifested by the appearance of the qualified hemorrhoidal nodes, which can often come out, break and inflame. This causes a significant concern for patients.
Diagnostic methods
The easiest and most affordable way to detect varicose veins and their complications are doppler ultrasonic veins of the lower extremities. In the process of this study, blood flow, blood vessels and the condition of its walls as a whole are evaluated. Therefore, the above diagnosis helps detect blood clots. In addition, all patients with varicose veins should pass Doppler before any surgical intervention to exclude the presence of blood clots to avoid complications.
In cases where the patient is suspected of venous deficiency or thrombosis, doctors recommend that X -ray contrast phlebography (the method to evaluate the work of the veins).
To do this, a special serum is introduced: albumin in the container, after which an X -rays are taken, in which the impulses from the veins will be recorded. Then the result is evaluated.
You can complete the exam with computerized tomography with the contrast of military trunks. This method is the most precise, but more expensive. However, this diagnostic method allows not only to identify vascular diseases, but also evaluate the condition of other body systems and tissues.
Treatment of complications
The therapy for the consequences of varicose veins depends on the current state of the patient and, directly, on the type of complication. Therefore, thrombophlebitis requires the prescription of blood aging, anti -inflammatory, antibiotic, analgesics medications. As the inflammatory process decreases, physiotherapy, Hirudotherapy (treatment with leeches) is recommended. An operation as an ethiotropic treatment can be proposed: ligation and elimination of the vein.
Trophic ulcers are poorly treated.The surgeon eliminates necrosis areas, prescribes dressings with an antiseptic and ointments. Together with these manipulations, antibacterial therapy and blood flow are carried out in Vienna.
Vascular stars are eliminated by sclerotherapy, that is, the "stuck" of the veins light. After the procedure, the use of compression linen for relapse prevention is prescribed.
Other complications, such as hemorrhoids, varicocele and varicose veins of the pelvis can only be cured surgically after an exhaustive exam and identify the affected vein.
Forecast
An unfavorable forecast is observed in the case of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, the number of deaths in which it reaches 75%. In addition, thrombophlebitis with trophic skin lesions has a non -serigucent feature, since persistent changes occur in blood vessels, and the risk of infection also increases, which leads to a series of complications. The consequences of the disease can often lead the patient to disability.
The indications for the provision of a patient for disability are:
- the presence of thrombosis and thromboembolism transferred;
- Recurring erysipelas;
- Post -alblebotic syndrome;
- Ineffective surgical treatment.
Most of the time, disabilities is given to patients with the last stage of varicose veins with persistent persecution performance.